Ukraine country profile

Ukraine gained independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and has since veered between seeking closer integration with Western Europe and being drawn into the orbit of Russia, which sees its interests as threatened by a Western-leaning Ukraine. Europe’s second largest country, Ukraine is a land of wide, fertile agricultural plains, with large pockets of heavy industry in the east. While Ukraine and Russia share common historical origins, the ukraine country profile of the country has closer ties with its European neighbours, particularly Poland, and nationalist sentiment is strongest there.

A significant minority of the population uses Russian as its first language, particularly in the cities and the industrialised east. An uprising against pro-Russian President Viktor Yanukovych in 2014 ushered in a Western-leaning government, but Russia used the opportunity to seize the Crimean peninsula and arm insurgent groups to occupy parts of the industrialised east of Ukraine. Petro Poroshenko won the presidential election of May 2014 at a time of crisis tht saw the ouster of his predecessor, the loss of Crimea to Russia, and a Moscow-organised insurgency in the east of the country. A billionaire businessman, Mr Poroshenko won an unprecedented first-round victory in the elections which were held three months after President Viktor Yanukovych was chased from office by crowds following months of street protests against his corruption and pro-Russian policies. National media have adopted a united patriotic agenda following the Russian annexation of Crimea and the armed conflict in the east. Russian or separatist control have seen pro-Kiev outlets silenced. The authorities block access to some popular Russian websites and social networks.

TV dominates the media landscape, and major commercial networks are the leading outlets. Many newspapers publish Ukrainian and Russian-language editions. 1918 – Ukraine declares independence after Russian Revolution. 1921 – Soviet rule established as Russian Red Army conquers two-thirds of Ukraine.